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30/04/2018, Jean-Claude Mulindahabi

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (ibumoso) na Mo Ibrahim (iburyo)

Utsindiye igihembo cyitwa  Mo Ibrahim ahabwa miliyoni 5 kandi akongererwaho ibihumbi 200 buri mwaka mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwe bwose. Ushyize mu manyarwanda ni ukuvuga ko, utsindiye kiriya gihembo bahita bamuha, amafaranga ahwanye n’amanyarwanda miliyari 4 n’igice, kandi akagenerwa buri mwaka miliyoni 172 n’ibihumbi 400 kugeza igihe azapfira. Izina ry’iki gihembo rikomoka k’uwagishyizeho, yitwa Mohamed « Mo » Ibrahim. Uyu muherwe yashyizeho iki gihembo mu mwaka w’2007, kikaba gihabwa umukuru w’igihugu wagaragaweho imiyoborer myiza no kuba intangarugero muri demokarasi muri Afurika

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf waraye agihawe, yayoboye Liberiya kuva muri Mutarama 2006 kugeza muri Mutarama 2018. Yabaye Perezida, igihugu cye kivuye mu ntambara n’umwiryane ukomeye mu baturage, ariko abafasha mu gusubirana ubumwe n’ubwiyunge.Mu gihe cy’imyka 12 yamaze ku butegetsi, yahaniye guha ingufu inzego z’ubutegetsi. Ibi bitandukanye na bya bindi by’abanyagitugu usanga bakomeye kurusha inzego z’ubutegetsi. Ngizo impamvu zitumye abona iryo shimwe.

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Nyuma yo guhabwa icyo gihembo gikubiyemo akayabo k’amafaranga, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf atangaza ko uwo mutungo uzanawukoresha mu bukorwa byo guteza imbere umwari n’umutegarugori. Iki gihembo cyakabaye gitanga isomo ku bategetsi bo mu bihugu by’Afurika bose, cyane cyane abarangwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, n’ubutoteza cyangwa bugahohotera abatavugarumwe nabwo. Cyakora, nk’uko tugiye kubibona hari bamwe mu bategetsi badashobora guterwa akanyabugabo ko guhinduka biturutse kuri iki gihembo. Abo rero nta wundi wabahindura uretse abanegihugu ubwabo, bakwiyemeza kubibutsa ko ubutegetsi ari ubw’abaturage, butangwa na bo, kandi akaba ari bo bugomba gukorera. Ariya mafaranga ni menshi rwose, kandi iyahabwaho igihembo abayakwiye. Ariko se azashyigura bangahe?

Aka kayabo gashobora kuvana ku izima abanyagitugu?

kugeza muru Mutarama Kiriya gihembo ubwacyo gifite agaciro kanini. Mohamed « Mo » Ibrahim wagishyizeho yakoze igikorwa cyiza cyane, kuko ni uburyo bwo guha akanyabugabo, abakuru b’ibihugu byo muri Afurika ngo birinde kwizirika ku butegetsi, bihatire gushyira imbere demokarasi, imibereho myiza y’abaturage, kandi bimakaze umuco mwiza wo kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Ejo bundi mu nama ku miyoborere myiza yabereye i Kigali kuva kuwa 27 kugeza kuwa 29 Mata 2018, uwashyikirijwe igihembo Mo Ibrahim cy’umwaka w’2017, ni umunyaliberya, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Hashize imyaka 11 kiriya gihembo gishyizweho. Nyamara hari imyaka yagiye ihita hakabura umukandida wujuje ziriya ndangagaciro zigenderwaho mu kugitanga. Uwaherukaga kugihabwa ni umunyanamibiya Hifikepunye Pohamba mu w’2014. Ni ukuvuga ko hari hashize imyaka itatu cyarabuze undi ugikwiye! Uyu yari yabanjirijwe n’umunya « Cap Vert » Pedro De Verona Rodrigues Perez mu w’2011. Bivuga ko na none hari habuze undi ugikwiye mu w’2012 n’2013! Mbere y’aho cyari cyahawe umunyabotswana Festus Gontebanye Mogae mu w’2008. Ibi na none birerekana ko, hari habuze uwagihabwa mu w’2009, no mu w’2010! Uwari wabimburiye abandi mu gutsindira iki gikombe ni umunyamozambike Joaquim Chissano mu w’2007, muri uwo mwaka kandi na Nelson Mandela wo muri Afurika y’Epfo yagihawe nk’ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro.

Igihembo kitiriwe Mo Ibrahim, ni igihembo cyateganyijwe gutangwa buri mwaka muri Afurika. Nyamara mu myaka 11 ishize kigiyeho, imyaka 5 yonyine, ni yo yabonetsemo abagikwiye, na ho imyaka 6 yahise hatabonetse ugikwiye. Ibi ni ikimenyetso ko kuri uyu mugabane w’Afurika hakiri ikibazo gikomeye cy’imiyoborere itanoze niba hashakishwa uwo guha kiriya gihembo akabura. Ibihugu byinshi kuri uyu mugabane biracyayobowe n’abanyagitugu, batubahiriza demokarasi, batita ku kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, basahura igice kinini cy’umutungu w’ibihugu byabo, ku buryo muri bo, kiriya gihembo ntacyo kibabwiye nubwo gifite agaciro kanini cyane. Imwe mu ntego z’igihembo Mo Ibrahim, ni ukwirinda kwizirika ku butegetsi. Nyamara, muri Afurika hari abakomeje kugaragaza inyota yo kubugundira no kutarekura vuba.

Urebye, hari abakuru n’ibihugu biyemeje kuguma ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu kugeza igihe bazashakira. Bamwe muri bo banahinduye Itegekonshinga ry’igihugu cyabo, kugira ngo barenze umubare wa manda wari wemewe mbere.  Abo banyagitugu, usanga baranikungahaje ku buryo ariya mamiliyoni y’igihembo cya Mo Ibrahim, ntacyo ababwiye. Dufate ingero nke muri nyinshi zerekana bamwe mu banyagitugu bafite inyota ikabije y’ubutegetsi ku buryo kurenza imyaka 20, bagasatira imyaka 30 bakiri ku butegetsi bisa nk’intego.
Uva ibumoso ujya iburyo : Teodoro Obiang Nguema wa Guinée Equatoriale, Paul Biya wa Kameruni, Denis Sassou Nguesso wa Kongo Brazzaville, Idriss Déby wa Tchad, Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda
1.Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, ni umusirikare w’umunyagitugu amaze ku butegetsi imyaka 38 mu gihugu cye cya Guinée Equatoriale yabugiyeho akoze « coup d’Etat ».
2.Paul Biya amaze imyaka 36 ku butegetsi muri Kameruni kuko yabaye Perezida wa Repubulika mu w’1982.
3.Denis Sassou Nguesso na we ni umusirikare wagiye ku butegetsi akoresheje intwaro mu gihugu cya Kongo Brazzaville, abumazeho imyaka 33. Afite imyaka 74.
4.Idriss Déby wo muri Tchad amaze ku butegetsi imyaka isaga 28. Yayoboye UA kuva muri Mutarama 2016 kugeza Mutarama 2017; Na we yagiye ku butegetsi mu gihugu cye akoresheje intwaro.
5.Paul Kagame ni Perezida w’u Rwanda kuva mu w’2000. Yagiyeho Itegekonshinga rivuga ko ntawurenza manda ebyiri. Yari yararahiye kenshi ko azaryubahiriza. Nyamara yasinyiye ko rihindurwa, ubu ari muri manda ya gatatu, ndetse muri iryo Tegekonshinga yasinyiye ahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba yakwiyamamaza izindi nshuro ebyiri. Bivuze ko yasinyiye Itegekonshinga rimuha inzira yo kuba yategeka kugeza mu w’2034, wareba imyaka yaba atagetse, ugasanga yaba ari imyaka 34! Mu rwego rwa demokarasi, uyu mugabo ni intangarugero? Ikimenyetso simusiga cyerekana ko ntayubahirirwa ry’ikiremwamuntu mu butegetsi bwa Paul Kagame, ko kandi ibintu binarushaho kujya inyuma, ni raporo irambuye y’amapaji 47 aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zivuga ko hari abicwa mu Rwanda, ababurirwa irengero, abafungirwa ubusa, abahimbirwa ibyaha, abafungwa bibangikanye n’amategeko, guterwa ubwoba ku buryo ntawutinyuka kuvuga icyo atekereza iyo asanze kitari bushimishe abategetsi n’ibindi. Hgati aho uyu mugabo kimwe na bariya bakuru b’ibihugu b’abanyagitugu, ni abaherwe. Barikungahaje ku buryo batazava ku butegetsi kubera kiriya gihembo cya Mo Ibrahim.
Ikintu kizavana abanyagitugu ku butegetsi, ni ubushake bw’abenegihugu buzagera ku kigero cyo guharanira ko bishyiriraho bayobozi nyabo, abayobozi badashyira imbere inyungu zabo, abayobozi bakorera inyungu rusange kandi bakubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu na demokarasi. Ntawashidikanya koIgihembo Mo Ibrahim ari igikorwa cyiza kuko kigamije gukangurira abategetsi kubahiriza ibyo basezeranya abaturage. Ariko icyo gihembo kigarukira aho gusa. Ibisigaye ni akazi k’abanyapolitiki bafatanyije n’abenegihugu mu guharanira uburenganzira bwabo, igihe cyose ku isonga ry’igihugu hari umunyagitugu ubwiziritseho cyangwa urangwa no guhohotera abaturage n’abatavugarumwe na we.